lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageAmto–Musan is a language family of two closely related but mutually unintelligible Papuan languages, Amto and Siawi, spoken along the Samaia River of Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea.
Language family of Papua New Guinea
Languages
Foley (2018) and Usher (2020) agree that the family consists of two languages.[1][2]
- Amto–Musan / Samaia River family
- Amto (Ki)
- Musan (Musian, Siawi)
External relationships
Amto–Musan was left unclassified by Ross (2005) (see Papuan languages#Ross classification) due to lack of data; Wurm (1975) had posited it as an independent family. The family has typological similarities with the Busa language isolate, but these do not appear to demonstrate a genetic relationship.
Timothy Usher links the Amto–Musan languages to their neighbors, the Arai languages and the Pyu language in as Arai–Samaia stock.[3]
Foley (2018) classifies them separately as an independent language family.[1] Foley also notes that due to heavy contact and trade with Left May languages, Amto–Musan languages have borrowed much cultural vocabulary from Left May.[1]
Cognates
Amto-Musan family cognates listed by Foley (2018):[1]
Amto-Musan family cognates
gloss | Amto | Musan |
‘bad’ | supuware | pioware |
‘bird’ | ai | ʔai |
‘black’ | towan | tewane |
‘breast’ | ne | ne |
‘ear’ | ye | ʔe |
‘eye’ | mo | mene |
‘fire’ | mari | mari |
‘leaf’ | he | sɛʔ |
‘liver’ | tei | teʔ |
‘louse’ | nanu | nanu |
‘man’ | kyu | yɛnokono |
‘mother’ | ena | inaʔ |
‘nape’ | tipiyari | tibiare |
‘older brother’ | apɔ | aboʔ |
‘road’ | mo | mono |
‘sago’ | tɔ | tawe |
‘tongue’ | həne | hanɛ |
‘tooth’ | i | ʔi |
‘tree’ | ami | ameʔ |
‘water’ | wi | wi |
Possible cognates between the Amto-Musan and Left May families:[1]
Possible Amto-Musan family
and Left May family cognates
gloss | Amto | Musan | Ama | Nimo | Owiniga |
‘breast’ | ne | ne | nano | nɔ | nano |
‘arm’ | | næ | naino | ina |
‘louse’ | nani | nanu | ani | | eni |
‘tooth’ | i | ʔi | i | i |
‘water’ | wi | wi | iwa | wi | bi |
Possible loanwords reflecting the close trade relationship between Amto-Musan and Left May speakers:[1]
- ‘arrow’ Amto lamu, Musan namu, Ama lamu
- ‘stone’: Amto tabeki, Musan tipeki, Bo təpəki, Ama tomoki
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from Conrad & Dye (1975),[4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
gloss | Amto | Siawi |
head |
twæ | nani |
hair |
(twæ) iwɔ | nanigi |
ear |
ye | eʔ |
eye |
mo | mene |
nose |
ni | Ǐimʌ |
tooth |
i | ʔi |
tongue |
hæne; hʌne | hanɛ |
louse |
nanu | nani |
dog |
hɔ | soː |
pig |
ma | kinʌdiʔ |
bird |
ai | ʔai |
egg |
aiː | iǏɔ |
blood |
nʌkei | hařʔ |
bone |
hae | hařʔ |
skin |
ka | ʔaoko |
breast |
ne | ne |
tree |
amɩ | ameʔ |
man |
kyu | yɛnokono |
woman |
hama | ʔeǏo |
water |
wiː | wi |
fire |
maři | maǏi |
stone |
tipeki | tʌbɛki |
road, path |
mo | mono |
eat |
meːne | pe |
one |
ohu | sʌmo |
two |
kiyaA | himolo |
References
- Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Samaia River, New Guinea World
- NewGuineaWorld, Arai and Samaia Rivers
- Conrad, R. and Dye, W. "Some Language Relationships in the Upper Sepik Region of Papua New Guinea". In Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40:1-36. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-A40.1
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
External links
Primary language families |
---|
Africa | |
---|
Eurasia (Europe and Asia) | |
---|
New Guinea and the Pacific | |
---|
Australia | |
---|
North America | |
---|
Mesoamerica | |
---|
South America | | Isolates (extant in 2000) | |
---|
|
---|
Sign languages | | Isolates |
- See list of sign languages
|
---|
|
---|
See also |
- Constructed languages
- Creoles
- Language isolates
- Mixed languages
- Pidgins
- Unclassified languages
|
---|
- Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
- Families in italics have no living members.
- Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.
|
На других языках
[de] Amto-Musan-Sprachen
Amto-Musan ist eine zu den Papuasprachen gehörende Sprachfamilie auf Papua-Neuguinea, die mit keiner anderen Sprachfamilie verwandt ist. Sie besteht aus den beiden Sprachen Amto (Ki) und Musan (Siawi), die beide in der Provinz Sandaun (ehemals West-Sepik) gesprochen werden.
- [en] Amto–Musan languages
[es] Lenguas amto-musanas
Las lenguas amto-musanas constituyen una familia de lenguas que solo engloba dos idiomas conocidos hoy en día, el amto y el musa (siawi), estos dos idiomas son hablados en la provincia de Sandaun en Papúa Nueva Guinea. Ninguno de los dos idiomas es inteligible el uno con el otro, ambos tiene similitudes con el busa, pero no se ha probado que este tenga una relación genética con los idiomas de esta familia.
[fr] Langues amto-musanes
Les langues amto-musanes sont une famille de langues papoues parlées en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, dans la province de Sandaun.
[it] Lingue amto-musan
Le lingue amto-musan sono una famiglia di lingue papuasiche parlate nella Provincia di Sandaun della
Papua Nuova Guinea.
[ru] Амто-мусианские языки
А́мто-мусиа́нские языки́ (также языки Амто-Мусиан) — языки амто и сиави (мусиан, мусан), образующие надсемью (сток) на уровне филы, наиболее крупной единицы классификации папуасских языков. Являются изолированными языками, их родство с каким-либо другим языковым генетическим объединением пока не доказано[1][2]. Языки сравнительно близки друг другу, но невзаимопонимаемы. Число носителей — около 520 человек (2007)[3][4].
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии