lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Chuukic–Pohnpeic or historically Trukic-Ponapeic languages are a family of Micronesian languages consisting of two dialect continua, Chuukic and Pohnpeic. They are the westernmost and historically most recent[1] Micronesian languages.[2]
Language group
Chuukic–Pohnpeic |
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Geographic distribution | Micronesia |
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Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
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Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | pona1247 |
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Composition
- Chuukic (Trukic)
- Pohnpeic (Ponapeic)
Unique innovations
Chuukic-Pohnpeic has several unique innovations that separates it as a subgroup from the rest of Nuclear Micronesian. Among the most prominent are historical sound changes from Proto-Micronesian.
Historical sound changes
Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages share a number of historical sounds changes from Proto-Oceanic and Proto-Micronesian. Chuukic languages and Pohnpeic languages separately share later innovations.
Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic reflexes of Proto-Oceanic consonants[3]
Proto-Oceanic |
*mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ |
Proto-Micronesian |
*p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic |
*p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *∅,r1 | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
1 Before /a/.
Reconstructed vocabulary
Reconstructed Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic Vocabulary [4]
Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic |
English gloss |
Modern language reflexes |
*awa | mouth | CAR aaw, PON aaw |
*faa | brave, strong | CHK fa 'be brave, bold', MOK pa 'be talented' |
*fawo-ni-pei | name of Pohnpei Island | WOL fóólopei, PON Pohnpei |
*kurupʷu | small young coconut | CHK kurupʷ, PON kurupʷ 'immature coconut' |
*pirafa | to steal | MRT púraf, PNG pirap |
*waiya | journey, be foreign | CAR weey 'to travel', PON way 'be foreign, from abroad' |
*woro- | throat, neck | CHK woro-mi 'to swallow', PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck' |
References
- Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages. Canberra, Australia: Asia Pacific Linguistics. hdl:1885/10191. ISBN 9781922185075.
- Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (1): 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449. JSTOR 3623449.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (2): 271–281. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
Micronesian languages |
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Nauruan | |
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Nuclear Micronesian | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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Austronesian languages |
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Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
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Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
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Northeastern Luzon | |
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Meso-Cordilleran | |
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Central Luzon | |
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Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | Southern Mindoro | |
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Central Philippine | | Bisayan | West | |
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Asi | |
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Central | |
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Cebuan | |
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South | |
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Bikol | |
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Mansakan | |
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Palawan | |
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Mindanao | |
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Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
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Kalamian | |
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Bilic | |
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Sangiric | |
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Minahasan | |
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Manide–Inagta * | |
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
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Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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Dusunic | |
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Paitanic | |
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Greater Murutic * | |
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North Sarawak * | |
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Central Sarawak | |
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Kayanic | |
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Land Dayak | |
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Malayo–Chamic * | |
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Sundanese | |
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Rejang ? | |
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Moklenic ? | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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Muna–Buton | |
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Saluan–Banggai | |
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Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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Kaili–Wolio * | |
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South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
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Makassaric | |
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Seko | |
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Northern | |
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Isolates | |
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| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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Bima | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Selaru | |
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Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
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Aru | |
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Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
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Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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Kawaimina | |
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Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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Rote–Meto * | |
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Babar | |
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Southwest Maluku | |
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Kowiai ? | |
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Central Maluku * | |
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| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
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Maya–Matbat | |
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Maden | |
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As | |
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South Halmahera | |
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Cenderawasih | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | Utupua | |
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Vanikoro | |
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Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | |
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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На других языках
- [en] Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages
[ru] Понпейско-трукские языки
Понпейско-трукские (понапеа́нско-тру́кские) языки образуют подгруппу в составе микронезийской группы океанийской ветви австронезийских языков.
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