lingvo.wikisort.org - Language The Namakura language , Makura or Namakir , is an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. The language is spoken in Shefa Province, north Efate , Tongoa , and Tongariki .
Austronesian language spoken in Vanuatu
Namakura Native to Vanuatu Region Shepherds Islands (Tongoa & Tongariki), north of Efate Native speakers
3,800 (2001)[1] Language family
ISO 639-3 nmk
Glottolog nama1268
A Namakura speaker, recorded in Vanuatu.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial
Coronal
Velar
Glottal
plain
lab.
Nasal
m
mʷ
n
ŋ
Plosive
voiceless
p
pʷ
t
k
ʔ
prenasal
ᵐb
ᵐbʷ
ⁿd
ᵑɡ
Fricative
voiceless
f
s
h
voiced
v
Approximant
w
l
Rhotic
r
/v/ may also range to bilabial as [β] , in free variation.
/h/ can also range to uvular as [χ] , in free variation.
/ⁿd/ can also range to a retroflex [ᶯɖ] in free variation. When followed by a /r/, it is then realized as a trilled-articulated sound [ⁿdʳ, ᶯɖʳ] .
/r/ can be heard as a flap [ɾ] in initial position and as a trill [r] elsewhere.
Vowels
Front
Central
Back
Close
i iː
u uː
Mid
e eː
o oː
Open
a aː
Two nasal vowel sounds [ẽ õ] are also rarely heard.
/i/ when preceding a vowel can be heard as a glide [j].[2]
External links
References
Notes
Namakura at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Sperlich, Wolfgang B. (1991). Namakir: a description of a central Vanuatu language . University of Auckland.
Languages of Vanuatu
Official languages Indigenous languages (Southern Oceanic and Polynesian)
North Vanuatu
Torres–Banks Penama Espiritu Santo
Central Vanuatu
South Vanuatu Polynesian
Southern Oceanic
North Vanuatu
Torres–Banks Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost South Pentecost Espiritu Santo
Nuclear Southern Oceanic
Central Vanuatu South Vanuatu
Loyalties– New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands New Caledonian
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status
Austronesian languages
Formosan languages
Rukaic Tsouic Northern
Atayalic Northwest Formosan
East
Southern ?
Malayo–Polynesian
Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian
Philippine (linkage) ?
Batanic Northern Luzon
Cagayan Valley Northeastern Luzon Meso-Cordilleran
Central Luzon
Northern Mindoro Greater Central Philippine *
Southern Mindoro Central Philippine
Bisayan
West Asi Central Cebuan South
Bikol
Mansakan Palawan Mindanao
Gorontalo– Mongondow
Kalamian Bilic Sangiric Minahasan Manide–Inagta *
Greater Barito *
Greater North Borneo *
North Borneo *
Northeast Sabah * Southwest Sabah *
Greater Dusunic *
Bisaya–Lotud Dusunic Paitanic
Greater Murutic *
North Sarawak *
Central Sarawak Kayanic Land Dayak Malayo–Chamic *
Sundanese Rejang ? Moklenic ?
Sumatran *
Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands
Lampungic Javanese Madurese Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa Celebic
Bungku–Tolaki Muna–Buton Saluan–Banggai Tomini–Tolitoli Kaili–Wolio *
South Sulawesi
Bugis Makassaric Seko Northern
Isolates
Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
Bima Sumba–Flores
Flores–Lembata
Selaru Kei–Tanimbar ? Aru Timoric *
Central Timor * Wetar–Galoli ? Kawaimina Luangic–Kisaric ? Rote–Meto * Babar Southwest Maluku
Kowiai ? Central Maluku *
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
SHWNG
Halmahera Sea
Ambel–Biga Maya–Matbat Maden As South Halmahera
Cenderawasih
Oceanic
Admiralty
Saint Matthias Temotu
Utupua Vanikoro Reefs–Santa Cruz
Southeast Solomonic
Gela–Guadalcanal Malaita– San Cristobal
Western Oceanic
Meso– Melanesian
Willaumez Bali-Vitu New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik Tabar Madak St. George Northwest Solomonic
North New Guinea
Sarmi– Jayapura ? Schouten Huon Gulf Ngero–Vitiaz
Papuan Tip
Nuclear Kilivila–Misima Nimoa–Sudest
Southern Oceanic
North Vanuatu
Torres–Banks Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost South Pentecost Espiritu Santo
Nuclear Southern Oceanic
Central Vanuatu South Vanuatu
Loyalties– New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands New Caledonian
Micronesian
Central Pacific
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status
На других языках - [en] Namakura language [fr] Namakura Le namakura est une langue océanienne parlée au Vanuatu par 3 750 locuteurs dans le nord d’Éfaté ainsi que dans les îles Shepherd (principalement Tongoa et Tongariki). Il est également appelé makura ou namakir et possède plusieurs dialectes : Tongoa, Tongariki, Buninga, Makura et Mataso.
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