lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageCheke Holo (also called Maringe or Mariŋe, A’ara, Holo, Kubonitu) is an Oceanic language spoken in the Solomon Islands. Its speakers live on Santa Isabel Island.
Austronesian language spoken in the Solomon Islands
Phonology
The phonology of Cheke Holo shows some peculiarities, shared with other Santa Isabel languages, like the aspirated stops and the voiceless sonorants. The five-vowel system instead conforms to the prototypical system of the Oceanic area (White, Kokhonigita & Pulomana 1988). Boswell (2018:16) has /x/ rather than /ɣʰ/.
Consonant phonemes
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m̥ | m |
n̥ | n |
ɲ̊ | ɲ |
ŋ̊ | ŋ |
|
Stop |
plain |
p | b |
t | d |
t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ |
k | ɡ |
ʔ | |
aspirated |
pʰ | |
tʰ | |
|
kʰ | |
|
Fricative |
plain |
f | v |
s | z |
|
| ɣ |
h | |
aspirated |
|
|
|
| ɣʰ |
|
Lateral |
|
l̥ | l |
|
|
|
Trill |
|
r̥ | r |
|
|
|
Vowel phonemes
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
High |
i | | u |
Mid |
e | | o |
Low |
| a | |
Morphosyntax
Verbs in Cheke Holo are marked neither for tense nor for person, although they can be prefixed with fa- (a causative marker) and they take enclitics. Among the possible clitics are the direct object pronouns, the completive aspect markers hi and hila, and the continuative aspect marker u (Boswell 2018).
Reduplication is commonly employed with verb roots to express iteration or intensification and as a valency changing device (from intransitive to transitive), although there are attested cases of adjective and (less so) noun reduplication (Boswell 2018). Different types of reduplications are possible in Cheke Holo:
- Full reduplication
- /vra/ 'jump up' > /vravra/ 'be quick to act'
- Partial (or White's rule) reduplication
- /bela/ 'wooden platform' > /beabela/ 'stack up firewood'
- Syllable reduplication
- /nolo/ 'to walk' > /nonolo/ 'go walking about'
- /kmokhu/ 'stop' > /kmokmohu/ 'continue to cease'
- /fruni/ 'cover' > /fufruni/ 'cover completely' (when the second consonant of a cluster is /r/, this is dropped in the reduplicated syllable)
Notes
References
- Boswell, Fredrick Alvin (2018). A Grammar of Cheke Holo (Doctoral thesis). LOT Publications (Leiden University). hdl:1887/67082. ISBN 978-94-6093-301-1.
- White, Geoffrey; Kokhonigita, Francis; Pulomana, Hugh (1988). Cheke Holo (Maringe/Hograno) Dictionary. Pacific Linguistics Series C - No. 97. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. doi:10.15144/pl-c97. hdl:1885/145429. ISBN 0-85883-368-9.
- Palmer, Bill (2009). "Clause Order and Information Structure in Cheke Holo". Oceanic Linguistics. 48 (1): 213–249. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0038. S2CID 145092013.
External links
Languages of the Solomon Islands |
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Official language | |
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Lingua franca | |
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Indigenous languages | Micronesian | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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Papuan | |
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Polynesian | |
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Southeast Solomonic | |
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Temotu | |
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Meso–Melanesian |
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Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
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Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
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Northeastern Luzon | |
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Meso-Cordilleran | |
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Central Luzon | |
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Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | |
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Kalamian | |
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Bilic | |
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Sangiric | |
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Minahasan | |
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Manide–Inagta * | |
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
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Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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Dusunic | |
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Paitanic | |
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Greater Murutic * | |
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North Sarawak * | |
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Central Sarawak | |
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Kayanic | |
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Land Dayak | |
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Malayo–Chamic * | |
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Sundanese | |
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Rejang ? | |
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Moklenic ? | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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Muna–Buton | |
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Saluan–Banggai | |
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Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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Kaili–Wolio * | |
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South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
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Makassaric | |
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Seko | |
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Northern | |
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Isolates | |
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| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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Bima | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Selaru | |
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Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
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Aru | |
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Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
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Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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Kawaimina | |
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Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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Rote–Meto * | |
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Babar | |
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Southwest Maluku | |
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Kowiai ? | |
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Central Maluku * | |
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| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
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Maya–Matbat | |
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Maden | |
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As | |
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South Halmahera | |
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Cenderawasih | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | Utupua | |
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Vanikoro | |
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Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | |
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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На других языках
- [en] Cheke Holo language
[fr] Cheke holo
Le cheke holo (ou a’ara ou holo ou kubonitu) est une langue parlée aux Salomon par 10 800 locuteurs (dont 1 500 monolingues), dans l’est de l’île Santa Isabel, du côté de Maringe et dans différents villages éparpillés dans le district de Kia et la région de Gao-Bughotu. Les deux dialectes principaux sont le maringe (ou maringhe) et le hograno (ou hogirano). C’est une langue véhiculaire commerciale. Elle est reconnue avec le bughotu comme une des principales langues de l’île.
[it] Lingua cheke holo
Il cheke holo è una lingua oceanica parlata da un consistente gruppo di abitanti della parte occidentale dell'isola Santa Isabel (Isole Salomone).
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