lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant[2] belonging to the Polynesian language family spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in the Northern Cook Islands.[3] It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.
Northern Cook Islands Māori dialect
Penrhyn |
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Native to | Cook Islands |
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Region | Penrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands |
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Native speakers | 200 (2011 census)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | pnh |
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Glottolog | penr1237 |
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ELP | Penrhyn |
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Phonology
Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Writing system and pronunciation
Alphabet
A, E, H, I, K, M, N, Ng, O, P, R, T, U, V[4][failed verification]
Long vowels are written with a macron.
Consonants
Consonants in Penrhyn
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Labial |
Alveolar |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
Stop |
p | t | k | |
Fricative |
(f) v | s | | h |
Liquid |
| l ⟨r⟩ | | |
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present. [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki language.[5][failed verification]
Grammar
Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Grammar
References
Languages of the Realm of New Zealand |
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Major language | |
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Indigenous languages | New Zealand | |
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Cook Islands | |
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Niue | |
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Tokelau | |
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Sign languages | |
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Central Pacific languages |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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Austronesian languages |
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Formosan languages |
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Rukaic | |
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Tsouic | |
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Northern | Atayalic | |
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Northwest Formosan | |
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East | |
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Southern ? | |
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Malayo–Polynesian |
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Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
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Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
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Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
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Northeastern Luzon | |
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Meso-Cordilleran | |
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Central Luzon | |
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Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | Southern Mindoro | |
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Central Philippine | | Bisayan | West | |
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Asi | |
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Central | |
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Cebuan | |
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South | |
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Bikol | |
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Mansakan | |
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Palawan | |
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Mindanao | |
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Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
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Kalamian | |
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Bilic | |
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Sangiric | |
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Minahasan | |
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Manide–Inagta * | |
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
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Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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Dusunic | |
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Paitanic | |
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Greater Murutic * | |
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North Sarawak * | |
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Central Sarawak | |
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Kayanic | |
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Land Dayak | |
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Malayo–Chamic * | |
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Sundanese | |
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Rejang ? | |
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Moklenic ? | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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Muna–Buton | |
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Saluan–Banggai | |
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Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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Kaili–Wolio * | |
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South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
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Makassaric | |
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Seko | |
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Northern | |
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Isolates | |
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| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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Bima | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Selaru | |
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Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
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Aru | |
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Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
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Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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Kawaimina | |
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Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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Rote–Meto * | |
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Babar | |
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Southwest Maluku | |
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Kowiai ? | |
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Central Maluku * | |
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| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
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Maya–Matbat | |
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Maden | |
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As | |
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South Halmahera | |
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Cenderawasih | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | Utupua | |
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Vanikoro | |
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Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
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Schouten | |
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Huon Gulf | |
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Ngero–Vitiaz | |
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | Torres–Banks | |
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Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
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South Pentecost | |
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Espiritu Santo | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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На других языках
- [en] Penrhyn language
[fr] Tongareva
Le tongareva, également appelé reo tongareva (pour « langue tongareva » en maori) est la langue polynésienne parlée sur Penrhyn (îles Cook). Il se distingue nettement du maori des îles Cook même si localement il est souvent considéré comme une variété dialectale de celui-ci alors qu'il est nettement plus proche du sous-groupe tahitien auquel les linguistes le rattachent. Il est parlé par 600 locuteurs[1]. Il porte aussi le nom de tongareva, mangarongaro (exonyme) ou Penrhynese (en anglais). Facile à comprendre des locuteurs du rarotongan, il a tendance à disparaître rapidement. Les habitants de Palmerston emploient désormais uniquement l'anglais.
[ru] Тонгарева (язык)
Язык тонгаре́ва (пенринский, мангаронгаро) — полинезийский язык, распространённый на атолле Пенрин (Тонгарева) в северной части Островов Кука. Значительная часть носителей языка также проживает на «столичном» острове Раротонга и в эмиграции — крупные сообщества тонгареванцев существуют в Новой Зеландии и Австралии. В англоязычной научной литературе язык чаще всего называется Penrhyn по колониальному названию острова.
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