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Kanakanavu (also spelled Kanakanabu) is a Southern Tsouic language spoken by the Kanakanavu people, an indigenous people of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family.

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Kanakanavu
Native to	Taiwan
Region	Maya Village, Namasia District, Kaohsiung City
Ethnicity	250 (no date)[1]
Native speakers	4 (2012)[2]
Language family	Austronesian Tsouic ? Saaroa–Kanakanabu Kanakanavu
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xnb
Glottolog	kana1286
ELP	Kanakanavu

The Kanakanavu live in the two villages of Manga and Takanua in Namasia District (formerly Sanmin Township), Kaohsiung.[3]

The language is moribund.[4]

History

The native Kanakanavu speakers were Taiwanese aboriginals living on the islands. Following the Dutch Colonial Period in the 17th century, Han-Chinese immigration began to dominate the islands population. The village of Takanua is a village assembled by Japanese rulers to relocate various aboriginal groups in order to establish easier dominion over these groups.[5]

Phonology

There are 14 different consonant phonemes, containing only voiceless plosives within Kanakanavu. Adequate descriptions of liquid consonants become a challenge within Kanakanavu. It also contains 6 vowels plus diphthongs and triphthongs. Vowel length is often not clear if distinctive or not, as well as speakers pronouncing vowel phonemes with variance. As most Austronesian and Formosan languages, Kanakanavu has a CV syllable structure (where C = consonant, V = vowel). Very few, even simple words, contain less than three to four syllables.[6]

Consonants

Kanakanavu consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n			ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive	p ɓ ⟨p⟩	t	ɖ ⟨l⟩	c	k	ʔ ⟨'⟩
Fricative	f v	s z				h
Rhotic		ɽ
Approximant	w	ɫ ⟨hl⟩	ɭ	j ⟨y⟩

Vowels

Front: i, e, a

Central: ʉ, e/ə

Back: u, o

Orthography

Kanakanavu is usually written with the Latin script. The following are often used to represent sounds in the language: A, C, E, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, R, S, T, U, Ʉ, V, ' /ʔ.

C represents the phoneme /c/.

L represents the phonemes /ɗ/ and /ɽ/.

P represents both /ɓ/ and /p/.

/ɫ/ is spelled as hl.

References

Further reading

External links

• www.kanakanavu.info – language documentation project website
• Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典 (in Chinese) – Kanakanavu search page at the "Aboriginal language online dictionary" website of the Indigenous Languages Research and Development Foundation
• Endangered Languages
• Kanakanavu teaching and leaning materials published by the Council of Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan (in Chinese)
• Kanakanavu translation of President Tsai Ing-wen's 2016 apology to indigenous people – published on the website of the presidential office

На других языках

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- [en] Kanakanavu language

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[fr] Kanakanabu

Le kanakanabu (autonyme kanakanavu) est une langue austronésienne parlée à Taïwan. C'est une des langues de la sous-branche tsouique des langues formosanes.

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[it] Lingua kanakanabu

Il kanakanabu (endonimo: kanakanavu) appartiene alla famiglia linguistica delle Lingue austronesiane (quindi geneticamente completamente diversa dal cinese) ed è parlata sull'isola di Taiwan. È una delle tre lingue che formano il ramo tsouiano delle Lingue formosane.

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[ru] Канаканабский язык

Канаканабский язык — южноцзоуский язык (en:Tsouic languages; центральнотайваньские языки) местных жителей Тайваня канаканабу. Принадлежит к тайваньским языкам австронезийской семьи.

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