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Mambai language is spoken by the second largest ethnic group in East Timor, the Mambai people. The language is also called Mambae or Manbae.

Mambai
RegionEast Timor
Native speakers
130,000 (2010 census)[1]
Language family
Austronesian
  • Malayo-Polynesian
    • Central–Eastern
      • Timoric
        • Ramelaic
          • Mambai
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
East Timor
Language codes
ISO 639-3mgm
Glottologmamb1306
ELPMambae
Distribution of Mambai mother-tongue speakers in East Timor
An illustration of Tetum language (left), Mambai language (center) and Portuguese language (right) being compared to one another.
An illustration of Tetum language (left), Mambai language (center) and Portuguese language (right) being compared to one another.

Phonology



Consonants


Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
Fricative f s h
Trill r
Approximant l

Vowels


Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Diphthongs
Front Central
Close ai au
Mid ei ae ao

Dialects


Mambae can be divided into 3 dialects according to Fogaça (2017):[6]:82

Northwest
Northeast-Central
South


Examples of dialectal variation in Mambae:[6]

Numerals
NumeralNortheast-CentralNorthwestSouth
1 iidiidiid
2 ruuruuruu
3 teulteulteul
4 faatpaatfaat/paat
5 liimliimliim
6 neenhohon iidliim nai-ida
7 hituhohon ruuliim nai-rua
8 ualuhoho teulliim nai-telu
9 siahoho paatliim nai-fata/pata
10 saguulsakuulsaguul
20 rua nuulguul ruu(saguul) haet rua
30 teul nuulguul teul(saguul) haet teul
40 faat nuulguul paat(saguul) haet faat/paat
50 lima nuulguul liim(saguul) haet liim
Pronouns
PronounNortheast-CentralNorthwestSouth
1.SG auauau
2.SG iitiitiit
3.SG uauaura
1.PL, inclusive iitiitiit
1.PL, exclusive aemaemaem
2.PL iimiimiim
3.PL roorooroom
Lexicon
GlossNortheast-CentralNorthwestSouth
‘house’ padafadauum
‘short’ blokopadabada
‘wet’ broetitaera
‘dirty’ kiniriraefoer
‘many’ dotoklenrini
‘lie (fib)’ bearauhalaet
‘eat’ muamuuaa
‘banana’ mukamuamuu

Comparison of selected body part words in Mambae dialects:[6]

glossLiquiça (Bazartete)Ermera (Hatulia)Ermera (Railaco)Aileu (Laulara)Aileu (Vila Grupo)Aileu (Liquidoe)Ainaro (Hatu-Builico)Ainaro (Hato-Udo)Manufahi-Same (Letefoho)Manufahi-Same (Betano)
mouthgugungugungugunkukunkukunkukunkukunkukukukukuku
armlimanlimanlimannimannimanlimalimanlimalimalima
elbowlima sikunliman sikunsiunnima siunnima siunlima siunlima siunlima sikunlima sikulima siku
shoulderkabaːskabasankabasankabaːskabasakabasakabaːslabaːskabaːsau balaːs
headgnutanglutanulunulunulunulunglutanuluulu hatuulu
headachegnutan baːnglutan baːnglutan baːnulun baːnulun baːnglutan baːnglutan baːnulu hatusaeulu hatusaeulu hatusae
hairulu nɔɾanulu launulunulun lahonulu nɔɾaulun noranulunuluuluulu noɾa
black hairulu metaulu metaulu metaulun metaulu nɔɾa mɛtaulun metaulun metaulu metaulu mɛtaulu laha meta
flesh (human)ɛta lɔlonetanetanetanɛtanetanɛtaneta lɔloɛta lɔloeta lolo
hearthuahuanhuanhuanhuanhuanhuanhuahuahua
backhɔhon tɛtenhoho tetenhɔhonhoho tɛtenhɔhonhoho tɛtenasahɔhohɔhɔ tɛtehoho
toothnipannipannipannifannifannifannifannipanifanifa
fingerlima huanlima huanlima huannima huanlima huanlima kakunlima huanlima hualima hualima hua
liveratenatenatenatenatenatenatenateateate
tonguelamalaunlamalaunlamalaulamalaunlamanlamalaunlamelaunlamalamalama
handlimanlimanlimannimannimanlimanlimanlimalima sanaklima
noseiluiluniluninuninuniluninuniluiluilu
eyematanmatanmatanmatanmatanmatanmatanmatamatamata
earteligatligantligakikankika nɔɾantika noɾankikanteligateligateliga
boneruiruinruinruinruinruinruinruiruirui
footɔenoenɔenɔɛnɔɛnɔɛnɔɛnoeɔɛ
skinlitaneta litanlitanlitanlitanlitanlitantiatiaeta tia
legɔenoenɔenɔɛnɔɛnɔɛnɔɛnoeɔɛ
necktgeuntgeuntgeuntgeuntgeunkdeuntgeutegeutegeu
bloodlaɾalaɾalaɾalaɾanlaɾalalanlaɾanlaːrlaralaːr

References


  1. Mambai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Hull, Geoffrey (2003). Southern Mambai. Instituto Nacional de Linguística of the Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa'e.
  3. Fogaça (2013)
  4. I Nengah Sukarnyana; I Made Denes; I Wayan Sudiartha; Ni Wayan Sudiati (1997). Struktur Bahasa Mambai [Mambai Language Structure] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. ISBN 979-459-777-5 via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.
  5. Hull, Geoffrey (2001). Mambai Language Manual (Ainaro dialect). Dili: Sebastião Aparício da Silva Project.
  6. Fogaça (2017)

Further reading





На других языках


[de] Mambai (Sprache)

Mambai ist eine Zentral-Malayo-Polynesische Sprache des Timorzweigs. Sie wird von der osttimoresischen Ethnie der Mambai gesprochen. Als eine der Ramelaischen Sprachen hatte sie einen stärkeren Einfluss von Papuasprachen und ambonesischen Malaiisch. Sie ist mit 195.778 Sprechern die zweithäufigste Muttersprache in Osttimor.[1]
- [en] Mambai language (Timor)

[fr] Mambai

Le mambai (aussi appelé mambae ou manbae) est une langue austronésienne parlée au Timor oriental.



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