lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageVolow (formerly known as Valuwa or Valuga) is an Oceanic language variety which used to be spoken in the area of Aplow, in the eastern part of the island of Motalava, in Vanuatu.[2]
Austronesian language formerly spoken in Vanuatu
Name
The name Volow is originally a placename: it corresponds to the area known as Aplow, but in the local language Volow rather than in Mwotlap. This form, pronounced [βʊlʊw], is derived from Proto-Torres-Banks *βaluwa.
In neighboring Mwotlap, the same area is called Aplow [aplʊw] (with locative prefix a-), and in Mota, it is called Valuwa [βaluwa]. Both of these are nowadays used as alternative names for the area.
Sociolinguistics
Volow has receded historically in favour of the now dominant language Mwotlap.[1] It is now only remembered by a single passive speaker, who lives in the village of Aplow — the new name of what was previously known as Volow.
The similarity of Volow with Mwotlap is such that the two communalects may be considered dialects of a single language.
Phonology
Volow phonemically contrasts 16 consonants and 7 vowels.[3]
Consonants
Consonants
|
Labiovelar |
Bilabial |
Alveolar |
Dorsal |
Glottal |
Nasal |
ŋ͡mʷ ⟨m̄⟩ |
m ⟨m⟩ |
n ⟨n⟩ |
ŋ ⟨n̄⟩ |
|
Stop |
voiceless |
|
|
t ⟨t⟩ |
|
|
prenasalized |
ᵑᵐɡ͡bʷ ⟨q̄⟩ |
ᵐb ⟨b⟩ |
ⁿd ⟨d⟩ |
ᵑɡ ⟨ḡ⟩ |
|
Fricative |
|
β[lower-alpha 1] ⟨v⟩ |
s ⟨s⟩ |
ɣ ⟨g⟩ |
h ⟨h⟩ |
Approximant |
w ⟨w⟩ |
|
l ⟨l⟩ |
j ⟨y⟩ |
|
- [p] exists as the allophone of /β/ word-finally.
This consonant inventory includes a typologically rare consonant: a rounded, prenasalised voiced labial-velar plosive [ᵑᵐɡ͡bʷ]:[4] e.g. [n.lɛᵑᵐɡ͡bʷɛβɪn] “woman”[5] (spelled n-leq̄evēn in the local orthography).
Historically, Volow is the only daughter language to have preserved the voicing of the proto-phonemes *ᵑg > /ᵑɡ/ and *ᵐbʷ > /ᵑᵐɡ͡bʷ/, which is reconstructed for its ancestor Proto-Torres-Banks. Most of its neighbours (including Mwotlap) devoiced these to /k/ and /k͡pʷ/ respectively.
Vowels
The seven vowels of Volow are all short monophthongs:[6]
Vowels
|
Front |
Back |
Close |
i ⟨i⟩ |
u ⟨u⟩ |
Near-close |
ɪ ⟨ē⟩ |
ʊ ⟨ō⟩ |
Open-mid |
ɛ ⟨e⟩ |
ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
Open |
a ⟨a⟩ |
External links
Notes
References
- François, Alexandre (2011), "Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence", Journal of Historical Linguistics, 1 (2): 175–246, doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra, hdl:1885/29283.
- François, Alexandre (2012), "The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages", International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 214: 85–110, doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022
- François, Alexandre (2013), "Shadows of bygone lives: The histories of spiritual words in northern Vanuatu", in Mailhammer, Robert (ed.), Lexical and structural etymology: Beyond word histories, Studies in Language Change, vol. 11, Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton, pp. 185–244, ISBN 978-1-61451-058-1
- François, Alexandre (2021). "Presentation of the Volow language and audio archive". Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved 28 Sep 2022.
Languages of Vanuatu |
---|
Official languages | |
---|
Indigenous languages (Southern Oceanic and Polynesian) | North Vanuatu | |
---|
Central Vanuatu |
|
---|
South Vanuatu | |
---|
Polynesian | |
---|
|
---|
Southern Oceanic |
---|
North Vanuatu | |
---|
Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
---|
South Vanuatu | |
---|
Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
---|
New Caledonian | |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
|
---|
|
|
---|
|
---|
Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
---|
Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
---|
Northeastern Luzon | |
---|
Meso-Cordilleran | |
---|
|
---|
Central Luzon | |
---|
Northern Mindoro | |
---|
Greater Central Philippine * | |
---|
Kalamian | |
---|
Bilic | |
---|
Sangiric | |
---|
Minahasan | |
---|
Manide–Inagta * | |
---|
|
|
---|
Greater Barito * | |
---|
Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
---|
Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
---|
Dusunic | |
---|
Paitanic | |
---|
|
---|
Greater Murutic * | |
---|
|
---|
North Sarawak * | |
---|
|
---|
Central Sarawak | |
---|
Kayanic | |
---|
Land Dayak | |
---|
Malayo–Chamic * | |
---|
Sundanese | |
---|
Rejang ? | |
---|
Moklenic ? | |
---|
|
---|
Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
---|
|
|
---|
Lampungic | |
---|
Javanese | |
---|
Madurese | |
---|
Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
---|
Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
---|
Muna–Buton | |
---|
Saluan–Banggai | |
---|
Tomini–Tolitoli | |
---|
Kaili–Wolio * | |
---|
|
---|
South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
---|
Makassaric | |
---|
Seko | |
---|
Northern | |
---|
|
|
---|
Isolates | |
---|
|
| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
---|
Bima | |
---|
Sumba–Flores | |
---|
Flores–Lembata | |
---|
Selaru | |
---|
Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
---|
Aru | |
---|
Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
---|
Wetar–Galoli ? | |
---|
Kawaimina | |
---|
Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
---|
Rote–Meto * | |
---|
Babar | |
---|
Southwest Maluku | |
---|
|
---|
Kowiai ? | |
---|
Central Maluku * | |
---|
|
| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
---|
SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
---|
Maya–Matbat | |
---|
Maden | |
---|
As | |
---|
South Halmahera | |
---|
|
---|
Cenderawasih | |
---|
|
---|
Oceanic | Admiralty | |
---|
Saint Matthias | |
---|
Temotu | Utupua | |
---|
Vanikoro | |
---|
Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
---|
|
---|
Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
---|
Malaita– San Cristobal | |
---|
|
---|
Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
---|
Bali-Vitu | |
---|
New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
---|
Tabar | |
---|
Madak | |
---|
St. George | |
---|
Northwest Solomonic | |
---|
|
|
---|
|
---|
North New Guinea | |
---|
Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
---|
Kilivila–Misima | |
---|
Nimoa–Sudest | |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | |
---|
Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
---|
South Vanuatu | |
---|
Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
---|
New Caledonian | |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
|
---|
Micronesian | |
---|
Central Pacific | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
На других языках
- [en] Volow language
[fr] Volow
Le volow (ou valuwa) est une langue océanienne autrefois parlée dans l’est de l’île de Motalava, située dans l’archipel des îles Banks au nord du Vanuatu[1].
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии