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Central Tagbanwa is spoken on Palawan Island in the Philippines. It is not mutually intelligible with the other languages of the Tagbanwa people.
| Central Tagbanwa | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Palawan |
| Ethnicity | Tagbanwa people |
Native speakers | (2,000 cited 1985)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Writing system | Tagbanwa script |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tgt |
| Glottolog | cent2090 |
| ELP | Central Tagbanwa |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | β | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
- /t/ preceding a high front vowel /i/ is usually realized as an affricate sound [tʃ].[3]
- /k, ŋ/ tend to shift to uvular sounds [q, ɴ] when adjacent to /a/.[4]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Open | a |
- /ɨ/ is usually a high central vowel sound, although it is occasionally moved further back to [ɯ], or lowered to [ə].[5]
- An [o] sound is often heard when two back vowels are adjacent to one another, or as an allophone of /u/.[5]
Grammar
Pronouns
The following set of pronouns are the personal pronouns found in the Central Tagbanwa language. Note: some forms are divided between full and short forms.
| Direct/Nominative | Indirect/Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ako | ko | kakɨn (kɨn) |
| 2nd person singular | kawa (ka) | mo | kanimo (nimo) |
| 3rd person singular | kanya | niya (ya) | kanya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita | ta | katɨn |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami | kamɨn | kamɨn |
| 2nd person plural | kamo | mi | kanimi |
| 3rd person plural | tila | nila | kanila |
The demonstratives are as follows.
| Direct/Nominative | Indirect/Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| near speaker | lito | kalito | kaito, kito |
| near adressee | layan | kalayan | |
| far away | liti | kaliti | atan, doon |
Notes
- Central Tagbanwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Scebold (2003), pp. 29
- Scebold (2003)
- Scebold (2003), pp. 30
- Scebold (2003), pp. 33
- Scebold (2003), pp. 45–46
- Quakenbush, J. Stephen; Ruch, Edward (2006). Pronoun Ordering and Marking in Kalamianic (PDF). Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippine. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- Scebold (2003), pp. 46–48
References
- Scebold, Robert A. (2003). Central Tagbanwa: A Philippine Language on the Brink of Extinction; Sociolinguistics, Grammar, and Lexicon (PDF). Special Monograph Issue, Number 48. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. ISBN 971-780-014-6 – via sil.org.
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