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The Huon Gulf languages are Western Oceanic languages spoken primarily in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. They may form a group of the North New Guinea languages, perhaps within the Ngero–Vitiaz branch of that family.^{[citation needed]}

Huon Gulf
Geographic distribution	Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea Huon Gulf
Proto-language	Proto-Huon Gulf
Subdivisions	Markham North Huon Gulf Numbami South Huon Gulf
Glottolog	huon1245

Unusually for Oceanic languages, two North Huon Gulf languages, Bukawa and Yabem, are tonal. The only other tonal Oceanic languages are found in New Caledonia.[1]

Classification

According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is as follows:[2]

• North Huon Gulf linkage
• Markham family
• South Huon Gulf linkage
• Numbami

Proto-Huon Gulf

Proto-Huon Gulf
Reconstruction of	Huon Gulf languages
Reconstructed ancestors	Proto-Austronesian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Oceanic
Lower-order reconstructions	Proto-Markham

Proto-Huon Gulf was reconstructed by Malcolm Ross in 1986 in Proto-Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia. It is reconstructed on the basis of shared phonological, morphosyntactic and lexicosemantic innovations relative to Proto-Oceanic, such as the pervasive lenition of Proto-Oceanic *p to *v, the acquisition of a final *-c in some words, the idiosyncratic change of Proto-Oceanic *boRok "pig" to Proto-Huon Gulf *boR, and the loss of all verb-deriving prefixes such as *pa- "causative", *paRi- "reciprocal", *ma- "stative", and *ta- "intransitive".

Vowels

The vowels of Proto-Huon Gulf, according to Ross, are:

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	*i		*u
Close-mid	*e		*o
Open		*a

Consonants

The consonants of Proto-Huon Gulf, according to Ross, are:

Consonants

		Labiovelar	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Stop	voiced		*b	*d	*ɟ	*g
	voiceless		*p	*t	*c	*k
Nasal		*mʷ	*m	*n	*ɲ	*ŋ
Fricative		*v		*s		*ɣ
Approximant		*w		*l, *r	*j		*ʀ

References

• Ross, Malcolm (1988). Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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