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The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages (e.g. Wotu, Bonerate) are located in South Sulawesi province. By number of languages (but not by number of speakers), Celebic is the largest subgroup of Austronesian languages on Sulawesi.

Celebic
Geographic distribution	Sulawesi
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic
Proto-language	Proto-Celebic
Subdivisions	Tomini–Tolitoli Kaili–Pamona Wotu–Wolio Saluan–Banggai Bungku–Tolaki Muna–Buton
Glottolog	cele1242

Subgrouping

Internal classification

David Mead (2003a:125) classifies the Celebic languages as follows.[1][2]

• Tomini–Tolitoli
• Kaili–Pamona
• Wotu–Wolio
• Eastern
  • Saluan–Banggai
  • Southeastern
    • Bungku–Tolaki
    • Muna–Buton

More recently, Zobel (2020) proposed that Kaili–Pamona and Wotu–Wolio form a Kaili–Wolio group, which Zobel places as a primary subgroup of Celebic. Furthermore, in Zobel's (2020) classification, Kaili–Wolio is placed as a sister to group to Tominic–Eastern Celebic, which contains Mead's (2003) Tomini–Tolitoli and Eastern Celebic groups.[3]

Position within Austronesian

At the current state of research, the Celebic languages are considered to make up a primary branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup within the Austronesian language family.[4]

Proto-Celebic

Proto-Celebic
Reconstruction of	Celebic languages
Region	Sulawesi
Reconstructed ancestors	Proto-Austronesian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Lower-order reconstructions	Proto-Muna-Buton Proto-Bungku-Tolaki

David Mead (2003a:125) lists the following sound changes for Proto-Celebic and its subgroups.[1]

1. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Celebic

• *C₁C₂ > *C₂ (C₁ not nasal)
• *h > Ø
• *d > *r
• *ay, *-ey > *e
• *-aw, *-ew > *o
• *j > *y, Ø

2. Proto-Celebic to Proto-Eastern Celebic

• *e (schwa) > *o
• *-iq > *eq
• antepenultimate *a > *o

3. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Saluan–Banggai

• *-awa- > *oa
• *-b, *-g > *p, *k
• *q > *ʔ

4. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Southeastern Celebic

• *-w- > Ø
• *s > *s, *h
• *Z > *s
• *ñ > n
• *b > *b, *w

5. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Bungku–Tolaki

• *q > *ʔ
• *w- > *h
• *ʀ > Ø initially and contiguous to *i

6. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Muna–Buton

• *w > Ø
• final consonant loss (?)

See also

• Languages of Sulawesi
• South Sulawesi languages

References

External links

• Celebic languages at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019).
• Classification of Sulawesi languages

На других языках

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[de] Celebic-Sprachen

Die Celebic-Sprachen bilden einen Zweig der malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen. Die Celebic-Sprachen werden auf der Insel Sulawesi gesprochen und sind wie folgt untergliedert:[1][2]

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- [en] Celebic languages

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[fr] Langues célèbiques

Les langues célèbiques, encore appelées langues sulawesiennes, forment un rameau de la branche malayo-polynésienne des langues austronésiennes. Elles sont ainsi nommées d'après l'île de Célèbes, dont le nom indonésien est « Sulawesi ».

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[it] Lingue celebiche

Le lingue celebiche, anche definite lingue sulawesi (nomi che derivano dall'isola di Sulawesi che in epoca coloniale venne chiamata Celebes), formano un ramo del gruppo di lingue maleo-polinesiache della famiglia austronesiana. Occorre premettere che l'esistenza di questo gruppo non è accettata da tutti gli studiosi.

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