The Malakula languages are a group of Central Vanuatu languages spoken on Malakula Island in central Vanuatu. Unlike some earlier classifications, Lynch (2016) considers the Malakula languages to form a coherent group.[1]
| Malakula | |
|---|---|
| Malekula | |
| Geographic distribution | Malakula Island in central Vanuatu |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Glottolog | mala1539 |
Lynch (2016) divides the Malakula languages into three primary subgroups, namely Northern, Eastern, and Western, all three of which are linkages. Lynch (2016) recognizes 32 languages.[1]
The Central-Western linkage is only very weakly defined, while Ninde and Nāti have similarities with both the Northwestern and Southwestern linkages.
The positions of the Sörsörian, Rerep, Vivti, and Nitita languages were not addressed.
François (2015:18-21) lists the following 42 Malakula languages.
| No. | Language | Other names | Speakers | Ethnologue | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65 | Axamb | Ahamb | 750 | ahb | ahb |
| 66 | Lendamboi | Small Nambas, Letemboi | 800 | nms | nms |
| 67 | Nasvang | 275 | |||
| 68 | Sörsörian | 3 | |||
| 69 | Avok | 500 | , Avok | ||
| 70 | Uliveo | Maskelynes | 1100 | klv | klv, Maskelynes |
| 71 | Port Sandwich | Lamap | 1200 | psw | psw |
| 72 | Nisvai | Vetbon | 200 | ||
| 73 | Burmbar | Banam Bay, Vartavo | 900 | vrt | vrt |
| 74 | Mbwenelang | <10 | |||
| 75 | Aulua | 750 | aul | aul | |
| 76 | Niolean | Repanbitip | 90 | rpn | rpn |
| 77 | Rerep | Pangkumu, Tisman | 380 | pgk | pgk |
| 78 | Unua | Onua | 520 | onu | onu |
| 79 | Vivti | <5 | |||
| 80 | Nitita | <5 | |||
| 81 | Avava | Katbol, Navava, Bangsa’ | 700 | tmb | tmb |
| 82 | Neverver | Lingarak, Nevwervwer | 1250 | lgk | lgk |
| 83 | Litzlitz | Naman | 15 | lzl | lzl |
| 84 | Uripiv | Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, Northeast Malakula | 9000 | upv | upv, Atchin, Uripiv |
| 85 | Rutan | ? | |||
| 86 | Botovro | Mpotovoro | 430 | mvt | mvt |
| 87 | Vao | 1900 | vao | vao, Vao | |
| 88 | Alovas | ? | |||
| 89 | Vovo | 475 | |||
| 90 | Nese | Matanvat | 160 | ||
| 91 | Najit | <5 | |||
| 92 | Malua Bay | Middle Nambas | 500 | mll | mll |
| 93 | Njav | 10 | |||
| 94 | Tirax | Mae, Dirak | 1000 | mme | mme |
| 95 | V'ënen Taut | Big Nambas | 3350 | nmb | nmb |
| 96 | Tape | Maragus | 15 | mrs | mrs |
| 97 | Larëvat | Laravat, Larevat | 680 | lrv | lrv |
| 98 | Neve'ei | Vinmavis | 500 | vnm | vnm |
| 99 | Nivat | <10 | |||
| 100 | Nasarian | 5 | nvh | nvh | |
| 101 | Aveteian | Dixon Reef | 50 | dix | dix |
| 102 | Ninde | Labo | 1100 | mwi | mwi |
| 103 | Nahavaq | South West Bay, Siesip | 700 | sns | sns |
| 104 | Nāti | 25 | |||
| 105 | Naha'ai | Malvaxal, Malfaxal | 600 | mlx | mlx |
| 106 | Navwien | 5 |
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