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Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is a Central Papuan Tip language that is spoken by the Motuans, an indigenous ethnic group of Papua New Guinea. It is commonly used today in the region, particularly around the capital, Port Moresby.

Motu
Pure Motu, True Motu
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionCentral Province
EthnicityMotuan
Native speakers
39,000 (2008)[1]
Language family
Austronesian
  • Malayo-Polynesian
    • Oceanic
      • Western Oceanic
        • Papuan Tip
          • Central
            • Sinagoro–Keapara
              • Motu
Writing system
Latin script (Motu alphabet)
Motu Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3meu
Glottologmotu1246

A simplified form of Motu developed as a trade language in the Papuan region, in the southeast of the main island of New Guinea, originally known as Police Motu, and today known as Hiri Motu. After Tok Pisin and English, Hiri Motu was at the time of independence the third most commonly spoken of the more than 800 languages of Papua New Guinea, although its use has been declining for some years, mainly in favour of Tok Pisin.

Motu is classified as one of the Malayo-Polynesian languages and bears some linguistic similarities to Polynesian and Micronesian languages.


Phonology


Motu is a typical Austronesian language in that it is heavily vowel-based. Every Motu syllable ends in a vowel sound — this may be preceded by a single consonant (there are no "consonant clusters"). Vowel sounds may be either monophthongs (consisting of a single basic sound) or diphthongs (consisting of more than one basic sound).

There are only five vowel sounds /a, e, i, o, u/; Motu diphthongs are written and pronounced as combinations of two vowels. The sounds oi and oe, ai and ae, au and ao (approximately like English "boy, high, cow"), and r and l are distinguished in Motu but not in Hiri Motu.[2] There is no letter f; when it occurs in loan words, it is usually represented as p.

Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
plain labialized
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ
Fricative v s ɣ h
Nasal m n
Approximant l
Flap ɺ

Motu Braille has the usual letter assignments apart from ḡ, which is .[unreliable source?][3]


References


  1. Motu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Wurm and Harris, 1963, p. 1
  3. Unesco reports the language as simply "Motu", but Ethnologue 17 only notes braille usage for Hiri Motu. However, Hiri Motu does not have the letter ḡ.

На других языках


- [en] Motu language

[es] Idioma motu

El idioma motu es hablado por la etnia motu, en la costa sur de Papúa Nueva Guinea (específicamente en la provincia Central; en y los alrededores de Port Moresby) y en el norte de Niue. Es hablado por alrededor de 14 000 personas (1981).

[fr] Motu (langue)

Le motu est une des langues de la pointe papoue, une des langues océaniennes. Il est parlé par 39 000 personnes en 2016[1], dans la Province centrale, l'aire de Port Moresby et les villages côtiers de Manumanu, Galley Reach, jusqu'à GabaGaba (Kapakapa). Il est également appelé « vrai motu » (true motu en anglais) pour le distinguer du pidgin qui porte le même nom, mais qui est davantage désigné comme hiri motu de nos jours. En 1962, un dictionnaire du Police Motu a été édité mais également A Survey of Motu and Police Motu par Richard Brett, Raymond Brown, Ruth Brown et Velma M. Foreman.

[ru] Моту (язык)

Моту — язык народа моту, один из многочисленных языков Папуа — Новой Гвинеи. Занимает довольно сильные позиции по сравнению с другими языками региона, и довольно распространён, особенно в районе столицы — Порт-Морсби.



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